TEMPO.CO, Berlin - As tens of thousands of people took to the streets around the world on Oct. 13 in support of the Palestinians, all such protests in Germany and France were banned.
The two countries - home to the European Union's largest Jewish and Muslim communities - have cracked down on pro-Palestinian groups since Hamas' sudden attack on Oct. 7.
The governments say the curbs are to stop public disorder and prevent antisemitism.
But supporters of the Palestinians say they feel blocked from publicly expressing support or concern for people in the Hamas-controlled enclave of Gaza without risking arrest, their jobs, or immigration status.
More than 3,500 people have been killed in Gaza since Israel launched a campaign of retaliatory bombing, while a blockade that prevents food, fuel, and medicine from getting in has created a humanitarian crisis.
"We are scared, we are worried about being accused of justifying terrorism when we just want to support a humanitarian cause," said Messika Medjoub a 20-year-old French-Algerian history student.
She was speaking at a banned protest in Paris last Thursday when police broke up with teargas and water cannon.
French Interior Minister Gerald Darmanin clamped a nationwide ban on pro-Palestinian protests last week, citing the risk of public disorder. Nine have been banned in Paris since Oct.7.
Over the weekend, Paris police issued a ban on the "presence and circulation of people that present themselves as pro-Palestinian". Since Oct. 12 they have issued 827 fines and arrested 43 people.
In Germany, Berlin police have approved two requests for pro-Palestine protests since the initial Hamas attacks, a police spokesperson said. Both were proposed as silent vigils.
But at least seven, including one called Jewish Berliners Against Middle Eastern Violence and another entitled Youth Against Racism, were refused permission. At least 190 people have been detained at protests.
The French and German governments say they need to protect Jewish communities given a rise in antisemitic violence since the attacks by Hamas, which is deemed a terrorist group by the EU and several countries.
In Germany, the issue is particularly acute because of the killing of six million European Jews in the Holocaust by the Nazis.
"Our history, our responsibility for the Holocaust makes it our duty in every moment to stand for the existence and security of Israel," Chancellor Olaf Scholz told legislators last week.
Darmanin said on Tuesday that 327 antisemitic acts had taken place in France since Oct. 7, with 183 arrests for antisemitism or apologizing for terrorism.
Human rights groups say Jewish communities must be protected but they are concerned legitimate protest is being repressed.
"Human rights law doesn't allow the government to just broadly say there is a concern about violence and use that as a justification to ban protests," said Benjamin Ward, a deputy director at Human Rights Watch.
